Blood in Urine (Hematuria) in Children

Overview

Hematuria is the presence of red blood cells in the urine. It can be a sign of various underlying conditions, ranging from benign to serious. Hematuria can be classified into two types: microscopic hematuria, where blood is only visible under a microscope, and gross hematuria, where blood is visible to the naked eye.

Causes

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) : Infections in the urinary tract can cause inflammation and bleeding
Kidney Stones : Hard deposits of minerals and salts can cause bleeding as they pass through the urinary tract
Inherited Diseases : Conditions like polycystic kidney disease or Alport syndrome can lead to hematuria
Glomerulonephritis : Inflammation of the kidney's filtering units can cause blood to leak into the urine
Trauma : Injury to the kidneys or urinary tract can result in hematuria
Vigorous Exercise : Intense physical activity can sometimes cause temporary hematuria

Symptoms

Microscopic Hematuria : Usually asymptomatic and detected during routine urine tests
Gross Hematuria : Visible blood in the urine, which may appear pink, red, or cola-colored
Associated Symptoms : Depending on the underlying cause, symptoms may include pain during urination, abdominal pain, or frequent urination

Diagnosis

Medical History and Physical Examination : To identify potential causes and associated symptoms
Urine Tests : Urinalysis and urine culture to detect blood, infection, or other abnormalities
Blood Tests : To check kidney function and other related parameters
Imaging Tests : Ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to visualize the kidneys and urinary tract

Treatment

Addressing Underlying Causes : Treatment depends on the cause of hematuria. For example, antibiotics for UTIs or medications for glomerulonephritis
Pain Management : Medications to relieve pain associated with kidney stones or infections
Monitoring : Regular follow-up and monitoring for children with persistent or recurrent hematuria

Prevention

When to Seek Medical Attention

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